TIME LINE: THE BASTILLE
17170s-1780s--- Economic decline: French
government in deep dept. in 1774 Louis XVI ascends to the throne.
1788-1789--Bad harvest, high prices food
riots.
1789, May 5—Estates-general convened,
demands reforms.
1789, July 14---National assembly formed Bastille
stormed on July 14 Bastille starts
1789 August, 4 --- Night of August 4 end the
rights of aristocracy surrender feudal rights.
1789 August, 26--- declaration of rights of
man.
1790 --- Civil constitution of clergy
Nationalised the church .
1791--- Dissolution of national
constituent assembly.
1792--- Constitution of 1791 converts
absolute into a constitutional monarchy Limited powers.
1792--- Australia and Prussia attacks
Revolutionary France, Robespierre, elected first Deputy for Paris the national
convention.
1793 Louis 16 and Marie Antoinette are
executed.
1792- 1794 --- In 1793 the reign of terror
starts. Austria Britain, the Netherlands, Prussia and Spain are at war with
France.
---Robespierre's committee of
public safety repels back foreign invaders
---Executes many "Enemies
of the people" in France itself.
1794 Robespierre is executed.
France is governed by directory, a committee of 5 men the reign of terror ends.
1795--- National convention
dissolved.
1799--- Napoleon Bonaparte becomes
the leader France revolution ends.
In the 18th century, in the 70-80s for many reasons, the
spirit of protest against the civilian and civilian state system was
flourishing, the feeling of opposition was gradual and it was gradually
rendered and in 1789 Louis 16th The name of this advice was called General
State. This meeting was not convened for a number of years. It included
representatives of ordinary classes in addition to the Samantha’s. The debate
on the result was a result of this disquiet, after a few days of this
gathering, a group of ordinary citizens reached the prison called Bastille and
all the prisoners present in the bus put in the door went out. Believed to be a
symbol of oppression of the masses, a few days later a group of women went out
to besiege the King of Versailles, resulting in the King being forced to leave
Paris. Meanwhile, the General State began to take many revolutionary steps, as
the human authorities announced the introduction of the metric system, the
closing of the influence of the church, the end of the slave system of the end
of feudalism was announced, there were a lot of differences among members of
the General State. People wanted to insure this revolution. Some people wanted
to move faster at it. There were lots of quarrels which led to their
leadership. Rein followed by Maximilian Robespierre, a leader who killed
thousands of people, his 1 year leadership is still
called the rule of terror, culminating in the murder of the royal family of
Louis XVI himself and the murder of his queen Wrath took place among other
kings and they formed a joint army and started fighting against the
revolutionaries, the revolutionaries also formed an army in which general
Because of the new enthusiasm of the Revolution that was included by the people
of C, the forces of revolutionaries were successful and their enthusiasm
continued to grow. This army started to be like a movie outside of France,
meanwhile, a commander of this army whose name was Napoleon Bonaparte the
reason for victory was very popular; there were revolutionaries inside France,
taking advantage of it and creating its popularity, Napoleon captured power. Or
1 began to govern by consulate this rule runs on revolutionary
principles eventually Napoleon gave himself emperor of the title and returned
by the monarchy in France; we can say it was the Bastille at its peak
The Bastille of 1789 AD was an important event
of the modern era. The Revolution was liberated from the monarchy, the
feudal exploitation class privilege and against the rulers' apathy for the good
of the people, at that time not only the exploited and dissatisfied classes
were scholars in France, And in the political framework, the contradiction
could also be seen; the political power was centralized; The only state was
that the leadership of the society was coming in the hands of a variety of
intellectuals. The king was the supreme authority of the rule. Only by the will
of the king was the law of the state that people did not receive any kind of
civil rights, the injustice of the king and the atrocities The public was
disturbed by the speech writing speech on the sky restrictions people were not
even religious freedom, the King's personal authority on the whole income of
the nation Was full earnings King Queen and enjoyment courtiers luxury legend
was admitted to King executives to high positions in the king's cost Kolkata
recreation was a lack of local self-government French society was left by but
in two pieces
The effect of the Revolution of France
on the whole of the world, the autocratic regime and the feudal system ended
the democratic governance system; significant reforms were made in the
socio-economic religious system so that the citizens of the country get full
control.
Political reasons
1. Autocratic monarchy
The autocracy of the monarchy The main reason
for the Bastille was the supreme authority of the Radha regime. I used
to act as per my wishes. I used to consider myself as a representative of God,
who had criticized the actions of the king, was put in jail for no reason and
the injustice of the king The general public was disturbed by atrocities, he
started trying to get rid of these problems
2. Lack of Freedom
France was very central to governance. All
the sources of governance were in the hands of the king. Speech, writing and
publication were strictly prohibited. There was a complete lack of political
freedom, people did not even have religious liberty, habeas corpus rule was not
there, due to this naked obsession of justice and freedom, people were
gradually taking the form of revolution!
2. Capital of luxury - French ruler was the center of luxury. The money that was
recovered from the public was ruthlessly spent on the King's own pleasures -
Vilas and Amod - Pramod.
3. Administrative corruption - Raja's advisors, servants and officials were corrupt His sole
purpose was to straighten his owl by adapting the king. Raja's chief posts were
appointed on the basis of merit but not on lobbying. The office-bearers and
courtesy were busy in conspiracy to show each other down. This had a bad effect
on the administration.
4. Highly Administered Administration - One of the major weaknesses in the administrative system of
France was that all the powers of administration were centered in the hands of
the king. Without his wish and consent, no work could have been done. There was
no circulation of autonomous administrative institutions. In this situation,
the administrative arrangements got looser, because the king was forced to go
out of luxury and administer administration.
5.
Administrative disorder - The absence of administrative uniformity in
France, the administration of it was unmanageable and unsatisfactory. Different
laws were prevailing in different provinces, districts and other administrative
units. Measures - There was a lack of uniformity in the system of weighing,
judicial system and law and currency practice.
6.
Infirmity of the system - Many defects exist in the French
justice system. The judicial system was extremely expensive. Extra money was
spent in small cases too. There were not even the appropriate judges. That is
why it was very difficult to get justice. The most strange system of judicial
process of France was the decree or letter by the catered by any noble,
courtiers or emperor or loved one could punish his opponents. Based on this,
any person could be arrested without being prosecuted. Apart from this, class
discrimination in penal law was different. Less punishment to the upper class
for the same crime, but the public was severely punished.
7.
Lack of individual freedom - There was no place for freedom of the person
in the political-administrative system of France. Speech or articles against
the king could not be voiced through. There was strong control over speech,
writing and publication. The king could also be arrested and punished without
being prosecuted. There was no religious freedom too. The royal religion of
France was Catholicism. Therefore strict punishment was made for Protestant
religious people.
Social reasons
France's society class - was divided. The
position of each class was different from the other. Society was divided into
three sections or estates. There were also subclasses of each class. The first
class was of clergy and the second class was from the elites. In the third
category, all other people of the society used to come. The number of priests
was the lowest. But their social status was the highest. They did not have to
pay any kind of taxes. In contrast, the social status of the farmers was
pathetic and they had to bear the burden of taxes most. For these reasons, The
spirit of opposition was flourishing.
Commercial purpose-
Many
financial reasons were also responsible for the French Revolution of 1789. It
is important for the following reason -
1.
Systematic Economy - France's economy was disorganized. There was no
difference in the state income and the personal income of the king. It was not
certain from the source of how much money to come and what items to spend in
them. In the absence of a definite plan, France had financial constraints.
2.
Dysfunctional tax system - The French tax system was faulty. The first
two classes of society were tax free. The entire tax burden was on the third
class, especially the farmers. That is why it was said that in Parses worship
in France, elite wars and the public makes it. It was natural to have
dissatisfaction in such a system.
3.
Taxation system - Taxes in France were not fixed. They could be extended
as desired. Tax collection was given at the place. These coins used to levy the
maximum tax and they also oppressed the farmers for this.
4.
Commercial and commercial constraints - The development of business and
commerce in a disorganized economy also stalled. There were many types of
restrictions on businessmen and businessmen. They had to pay different taxes
from each province, district, city and place. It’s bad influence was on the
economy of France.
5.
The problem of unemployment - the problem of unemployment also made the
economic situation miserable. Due to industrialization, the domestic industry
has closed down businesses. Workers and laborers working in them became
useless, so they became supporters of the revolution.
6.
Civil Disobedience - The military class of France, which was mostly
farmers, was dissatisfied with the then system. They did not receive regular
pay during the revolution, the soldiers had to pay the salaries for many days.
There was not even proper arrangement for food clothes of the soldiers.
Promotion was not given on the basis of merit in the army. Only the elite
people were appointed on higher posts. The army was dissatisfied with it.
Intellectual reason
France's
intellectual class had an important role in the French Revolution. In France
there were many philosophers, thinkers and writers. These people smashed on the
current system. The public was deeply impressed by his ideas and became ready
for revolution. The philosophers who shouted out French people, the names of
Montesquieu, Walter and Rousseau are notable.
Impact of foreign events
Foreign
events also affected the Bastille. Before the revolution of France, there was a
complete revolution in England in 1688. As a result, the autocratic and
voluntary rule ended in England and the public rights of the public were
protected. Even in France, people like to seek a constitutional regime like
England.
The
American freedom struggle had a major impact on France. In this war, France
provided economic and military assistance to the United States. French soldiers
took part in this conflict from the United States in this war. When the
soldiers and volunteers returned home after the war, they realized that they were
struggling for the principles of freedom and equality; they lacked them in
their own country. So they also became anti-monolithic. Apart from this,
America that helped France's economy deteriorates. The government reached the
brink of bankruptcy. These incidents played an important role in the revolution
of the French in 1789.
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