Forests in India ~ World wide knowledge

Forestry in India

Forests are the main basis of the circumstances as well as the sources of human livelihood. Fuel for cooking, fodder for Animal husbandry etc are obtained from forests. Presently, more than 3.5 lakh people are associated with forest related work and 2 percent of the national income gets us from forests. Nearly 20% of Indian area is surrounded by forest, which is equivalent to 65 million hectare area. India is included in the list of 10 countries which is the most forested country. These lists include China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Australia, Indonesia, Sudan, Brazil and Russia.

Three types of natural vegetation- 1. Forest 2. Grass and 3. The most important of the bushes is forest. Climate is regulated by the forest itself. Due to the moisture content of the forest, the temperature decreases and changes in climate cause rainfall. Due to the depletion of rainwater due to rainwater, floods, landslides do not occur and it increases the level of ground water. Not only this, forests help prevent cold winds, storm etc. Dry leaves fallen from the trees rot in the ground and give fertilizer work, which increases the fertility strength. Various types of vegetation, herbs and rare organisms are found in forests. The greenery of the forest increases natural beauty, which encourages tourism and national income increases.

Due to the tropical and cold climate in India, there is considerable inequality in rainfall and temperature. In areas with rainfall of more than 200 centimeters, there are evergreen broad-leaf forests, which include lakes, pellets and shrubs. Deciduous monsoon forests are found in parts of 100 to 200 centimeters of rainfall. In these forests, rosary, Saagwan (teak), Pine tree of the year is found, in the arid parts of 50-100 cm rainfall, thorn tree species of acacia species are found. And semi-desert forests are found in an area of less than 50 centimeters. In India's total forest areas, 93% of tropical forests and 87% temperate forests are found. Out of this, 95.7 percent of forest land is in the possession of state governments, 2.8 percent corporations and the remaining 1.5 percent of private institutions.

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History of forest conservation in India

Gibson tried to enforce the rules for banning the forest's preservation and protection of its agriculture. From 1865 to 1894 forest conservation was established for the materials of imperial needs. Later, planning to produce forest by adopting wild management system, people started to take interest in forest conservation, after which the rulers of Indian state give protection to the people who help in the protection of birds and mammals in the forest. Large scale plantation was done in Punjab and Uttar Pradesh from 1926 to 1947. The construction work of most national parks in India was done. This benefit of conservation has caused many species to survive extinction. read this INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

After this, the goal of keeping one-third of India's forests under the Forest Policy of 1952 was made. Some activities which have been damaging forests have been banned; this has seen changes in people's thinking and its development over forests in the next 50 years. After that a creative attitude was adopted to preserve it through a five-year plan.
In 1980, the Forest Conservation Act was passed, in this Act it was decided that from now on the central area will have to get central permission for agriculture or forestry and agriculture. If they do not do that, then they will be kept in the category of crime. The aim of this law is to limit the deforestation, conserve biodiversity and preserve wildlife, but this year due to low investment and ignorance there was no significant reduction in deforestation, after which in India, in 1988 Launched its National Forest Policy, which under the joint forest management policy program, proposed that a special forest block will be managed in the villages along with the forest department.
Security of forests and forests will be the responsibility of the people in particular. This kind of initiative was considered positive because as of 1992, seventeen states of India participated in joint forest management and about 20 lakh hectare forests were brought under protection.

From 1990 to 2000 FAO found in a study that India is the fifth largest beneficiary in the field of forest coverage or covered area in the world, which is said to be the third largest beneficiary in FAO study from 2000 to 2010. In this way it managed its policy of preserving forest.

Types of Forests in India

Mangrove forest

These forests are found in those parts of the country, where the average rainfall is more than 200 cm and the annual average temperature is about 24 degree centigrade. It has three major areas.

Western shield of Western Ghats

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya and Tarai Pradesh in North Eastern India.

In this type of forest, mainly trees, mahogany, ebony, wild mango, palm, tree and bamboo etc. and many types of vines are found. The height of these trees ranges from 30 to 45 meters. The concentration of trees is so high that the sun's light does not reach the ground

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Himalayan state or mountain forest

These types of forests are found in the high topography of the Himalayan region. According to different heights in this state, variation in species of forest is also found. In high altitude areas, angular pointing leaf forests are found which 17-18 meters high is. In the lower part, wide-leaf forests are found, whose elevation is generally around 6 to 9 meters. Due to heavy rainfall in the eastern parts of the Himalayas, Assam, Manipur and Pt. Bengal, dense forest is found. These forests of the Himalayas can be divided into eight sub-divisions.

1 1. Tropical evergreen forest

These forests are found in Assam, these forests are quite dense. Among these, the main species are Jamuns, cane, step, Errol, rosewood, haldu, pagar, champa and wild common man etc.

2 2. Tropical dry deciduous forests

These forests are found in the foothills of the entire Himalayan region. Among these, the main species are Sagwan, Rosewood, Amalat, Palash, Bamboo, Satanwood, Haldu etc

3 3 . Wide-leaf forest

These types of forest are found on the lower slopes of Pt. Bengal and Assam Himalayas. Among these, species of Matilus, Malessema and Jamuna etc. are found.

4 4 . Sub-tropics pine forest

In the western Himalayas this forest is found in an average height of 1000 meters to 1800 meters. Forests of pine are found mostly in this type of forest. In addition, species of jamun, oak, bunarash are also found.

5 5. Sub-tropical dry evergreen forest

In this type of forest, small shrubs are found. These types of forest are found in the Shivalik Mountain and in the western Himalayan region, in parts above 1000 meters. The main species found in these forests are Well, Keekar, Acacia etc.

6 6. Mountain moderate humid climate

This type of forest is found in the eastern Himalayan region in the high mountain part of Bengal, including cinnamon, fenugreek, junior, pangar etc.

7 7. Himalaya moderately humid climate

This forest with pointed leaves covers the entire Himalayan part of Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. In the mountainous region of Bengal and in Sikkim, between 1500 meters to 3,000 meters high - the important species in this are -fish cedar, fur, sponge, cal, pangar, chilgoza etc are found.

8 8. Alpine forest

These alpine grasslands, popularly known as 'Marg' in Kashmir and Bugyal in Uttarakhand, are found in the Himalayan region at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters, in which various types of shrubs, ferns, grasses, colorful flowers and fragrant herbs etc. are found.

Deciduous Forests in India

Deciduous forest can be divided into two forms, one moisture-rich and the other happy deciduous forest. This type of forest is found in areas where 100 cm to 200 centimeters of annual rainfall occur. Such a forest can be found in most parts of India. It is found in the east from Jammu to West to West Bengal till the Shiwalik hills. In such forests, trees like teak, mango, bamboo, sandalwood and kills are found. Except for the North Eastern regions, dry deciduous forests are found in the northern and southern parts of India. There are many types of animals such as insects, mammals, reptiles found in this forest. This type of forest is found in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

Autumn or monsoon forest

Such forests are found in those parts where the average annual rainfall is from 100 cm to 200 cm. These forests are found in northern mountainous region, lower part, Vidyanchal and Satpura mountains, Chota Nagpur and the hills of Assam, the southern part of the Eastern Ghats and the eastern region of the Western Ghats.

These forests are more dense and the trees are neither taller nor taller. These are major tree years, saagwan, neem, sandalwood, rosewood, amla, mulberry, ebony, mango, rosewood, bamboo etc. Their wood is not very hard. These can be easily cut. Shipments, furniture, etc. can be made from wood.

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Mangal tree forests in coastal areas:

These forests are found on the river delta coast; such plants grow in the mixture of brackish and fresh water; these forests are found in areas with moisture.

Desert Forest in India

These forests are found in parts of less than 50 cm of rain. In the trees there, the leaves are short, short and thorny. Acacia grows abundantly here. Hawthorne, Rambans, Khayedi, Khair, Khajur etc. are the main vegetation here.

These plants are found in southern western Punjab, western Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh etc. They only have local importance.

Tidal forest in India

They are also called as Moorish forests, which are found in the forests of the Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari, Kaveri, Peninsular rivers, and the deltaai of Ganga Brahmaputra. At the time of tidal breezing, the water of the oceanic waters of the sea is irrigated.

In such states there is mud and swamps, beautiful forests in these forests, Ganga is found especially in the delta of Brahmaputra. Other trees are palm, coconut, Rhizophora etc. The wood of these trees is very soft.

Dry forest in India

These forests are found in those areas, where the average of rainfall lasts from 50 to 100 cm. In these areas, there is abundance of water loss tolerant trees. The roots of these trees are long and thick. This type of forest is found mainly in southern western Punjab, Haryana, eastern Rajasthan and southern western Uttar Pradesh. The main tree is Keekar, Acacia, Neem, Mango, Mahua, Kar, Khayjadi etc. In the absence of rain, trees are less tall. The height of trees is 6 to 9 meters.

Forests in India